AGV(Automated Guided Vehicle), refers to an electromagnetic or optical automatic guidance device, controlled by the control device, battery power, can be exercised along the prescribed guidance path, A transport vehicle for autonomous handling. It is widely used in automated factories, e-commerce warehouses and ports.
Taking the old AGV enterprises of Siasun and Kunchuan Intelligent as an example, the application of products was first realized in heavy AGV. And Amazon's "; KIVA" The large-scale use of e-commerce warehouses, through the two-dimensional code navigation, makes e-commerce warehouses efficient operation. With the rapid development of the domestic e-commerce industry, brands such as Haikang robot, Kuaicang Intelligence, Geek+, Animal Star intelligence, national robot, road innovation and so on have emerged. Represented by Hikang Robot, it takes the lead in targeting the traditional manufacturing industry, which also makes the use scenario of AGV more complex, and puts forward new requirements for the navigation mode of AGV.
The current mainstream navigation methods are divided into the following: First, magnetic nail navigation, the installation of magnets on the ground, through the position sensor to detect the opposite magnet, which is mainly used in automotive manufacturing. Second, visual navigation, through industrial cameras to identify the two-dimensional code laid on the ground, this kind of high requirements for the road surface, mainly in the use of e-commerce warehouses. Third, laser guidance (SLAM) : The use of laser sensors, infrared technology to sense the environment, to achieve AGV guidance. Due to the small impact of ground environment, it is widely used in manufacturing plants. The laser radar cost is high, making the laser navigation AGV cost is the highest.

Domestic AGV industry is generally faced with the problem of product homogeneity is serious, intellectual property protection mechanism is not perfect; In addition, the long-term price war makes the profit model of the enterprise encounter difficulties. You know what they say, cheap, no good. So under the price war AGV, will there be shoddy situation? That's a question to be asked. In the face of changing markets, manufacturers need to do not compete to imitate, but to increase research and development investment, improve product safety and stability, and layout overseas markets as early as possible. In the product design stage, you can refer to foreign advanced standards and specifications, from the following European Union (CE) and North American standard system requirements, the AGV body safety analysis.
" CE" Certification is a requirement for access to the EU market, and mechanical products must meet all applicable directive requirements in order to adhere to the "Certification". CE marking" Can enter the EU market normal circulation. The safety directives applicable to AGVs include the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, Electromagnetic Compatibility 2014/30/EU, and the low voltage Directive 2014/35/EU.

Relevant standards include: EN ISO 12100, General Principles for the Safety of Machinery design;
EN 60204-1, Electrical safety standard
EN 1525 Requirements for unmanned vehicles and systems for industrial vehicles;
EN 1526 Additional requirements for automatic vehicle control functions;
ISO/FDIS 3691-4 Safety requirements and verification of industrial vehicles — Part IV: Driverless vehicles and their systems;
EN 1175-1 Electrical requirements for industrial vehicles.
EN 13849-1 Functional safety requirements for machinery. EN 61000-6-2; EN 61000-6-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility requirements;
Especially in the design of the safety loop, CE requires that the safety-related parts of the motion control (such as speed, steering, etc.) system should meet the requirements of Cat 1, if the speed affects the stability, the system needs to meet the requirements of CAT 2. If the direction of the automatic guided vehicle travels through the obstacle detection device to achieve a safe stop, the motion control system shall comply with CAT 3. Safety-related components of motion control (e.g., speed, steering, etc.) systems shall comply with CAT 3; The safety related parts of the obstacle detection device in the main direction of travel shall comply with CAT 3.
As of press time, the domestic AGV manufacturers that have passed CE certification are Siasun, Haikang Robot, Jiateng, Muniu Liuma, Kuaicang, aerospace Science and Industry 8359, Today International, Kunchuan. In the North American market, the standard system is different from the requirements of CE, and the United States has the corresponding product standard UL 3100 (Outline of Investigation for Automated Guides Vehicles (AGVs)), which was promulgated in March 2018. The safety of electrical components, such as charging piles and batteries, is also explained in the standard. The charging pile must meet the requirements of UL 62368-1 or UL 1564. The battery must meet the requirements of UL 2271 or UL 62133.